Air-pump



R. WARNOCK.

AIR PUMP.

APPLfcATloN FILED lumzzl. |916.

BSHEETS-SHEET I.

1,305,758. patented J une 3, 1919.

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AIR PUMP.

APPucAnoN FILED lunial. 19416.

1,305,758. Patented June 3,y 1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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Patented J une 3, 1919.

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R. WARNUCKI AIR PUMP,

APPLICATION FILED ILINE 71. ISIS.

5. n m w/.J Q 0 w f// N/ 7 /IIIHIII y 00 O FJ 0 y L UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ROBERT WARNOCK, OF BLOOMFIELD, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO EMPIRE CREAM SEPARATR COMPANY, 0F BLOOMFIELD, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

AIR-PUMP.

Application led .Tune 21, 1916.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, RonR'r VVARNOCK, a citizen of the United States, residing in Bloomfield, county of Essex, and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Air-Pumps, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to air pumps, and particularly to pumps employed for creating a vacuum or suction, although the principle of the invention may be applied to compression pumps. In this class of apparatus in which a piston is used for reciprocating in a cylinder it is necessary to lubricate the piston so that it will travel without excessive friction, heating and wear. If too much lubricant is supplied, however, the excess of lubricant will be carried off in the air exhausted from the pump, thus resulting in waste of the lubricant, and also where the discharge is not carried to a remote point, oil will be splashed or sprayed out of the pump in an objectionable manner. This is particularly true of vacuum umps where the discharge ordinarily takes place directly from the pump into the outer air.

Another objection which is also particularly applicable to vacuum pumps having a direct discharge is that such discharge is noisy, a series of sharp puffs or reports being produced, which is often very objectionable. In accordance with my present invention these objections are overcome. Any excess of oil is not thrown out in an objectionablemanner, but is saved, and the exhaust is eectually muiled so that no objectionable sounds are produced. The nature of the invention and specific objects thereof will appear from the following detailed description of certain preferred embodiments of the invention which are to be understood as illustrative of the principle thereof, but to the details of which the invention is not confined.

In the accompanying drawings which form a part of this specific-ation, Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view through a pump embodying one form of the invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view through the upper part of a pump cylinder and piston illustrating a modified construction, taken on line II-II of Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken on line III- III of Fig. 2f. Fig. 4 is a Section taken on line Patented June 3, 1919.

serial No. 105,014.

IV-IV of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view through a pump illustrating another modified construction. Fig. G is a horizontal sectional view through a portion of the pump cylinder taken on line VI-VI of Fig. 5.

Referring to the drawings in detail and particularly to Fig. 1, the numeral l esignates the cylinder of the pump which 1s shown as mounted on the crank case 2 which includes the supporting base The crank case carries the main bearings 4L in which is journaled the crank shaft the latter bcing provided' with the pulley wheel 6, or other suitable means for applying the power for operating the pump. The crank shaft 5 is provided with the crank 7 with which is connected the pitman or connecting rod 8. The upper end of the pitman is connected with the wrist pin 9 of the piston 10. These parts may be of any usual Vor desired construction. In pumps of the type illustrated the lower part of the crank ease usually forms also a reservoir for lubricating oil. The oil may be supplied to the moving parts in any suitable manner, as by means of` an oil pump, or in compressors or vacuum pumps of the smaller sizes, usually by the splash system. In accordance with the latter method of lubrication, the oil in the lower part of the crank case is distributed or splashed up to the moving parts by engagement of the lower end of the connecting rod or crank with the oil, these parts being provided, if necessary, with dippers for dipping into and lifting the oil.

As illustrated, the crank is shown as provided with pins 11 for this purpose. Owing to the rapid rotation of the crank, the oil is splashed over all of the moving parts sol-ne of it falling into the cups 12 and running down through the ducts to lubricate the main bearings, this oil finding its way back to the reservoir through the spaces and ducts 14, 15 and 16. The oil is also thrown on the lower part of the piston, and on the wall of the cylinder when the piston is at the upper end of its stroke, thereby lubricating the piston. In pumps as ordinarily constructed, however, there is a tendency for the oil which finds its way to the portion of the cylinder above the piston to be carried off in the air discharged from the cylinder through the exhaust port, and in cases where an excess of oil is present, a considerable amount of oil is thus carried oil and wasted. ln many cases these pumps merely discharge througha port directly into the outer air and this oil is sprayed and spat tered out of this port in an objectionable and unclcanly manner. An exhaust which takes place through a port directly into the outer air is also noisy as it is emitted in a series of sharp pulls.

l have overcome the objections noted by discharging the air from the cylinder, not directly into the outer air, but into the crank case where the oil in the air is deposited, the air escaping from the crank case gradually and noiselessly through suitable openings provided in the walls thereof. As shown in Fig. 1 the exhaust port for the pump is formed directly in the piston and comprises the seat Q0 with which cooperates the puppet valve 21. The latter opens downwardly and is guided in its movement by the socket member A spring 23 inclosed between the valre and socket member serves to keep the valve against its seat, except when tlu` compressed air is being expelled. The air escaping between the valve and its seat is discharged through the ports 24 into the interior of the hollow piston which communi cates directly with the crank case. The latter is of large volume compared with the cylinder and the air entering the same thereby loses its velocity and deposits the oil which it is carrying which accumulates in the oil reservoir in the bottom of the crank case. The air then escapes gradually from suitable openings in the crank case, such as are indicated at 25. Owing to the large volume of the crank case and the fact that the opening 25 may be made of any desired size` the air does not issue from them with the loud puffs or explosions, but flows out gradually and noiselessly. The air coming out of the ports 24, it will be seen, moreover, passes directly over the bosses 26, in which the wrist pin is journaled, and much of the oil which it carries will be deposited on these bosses and may be employed for lubricating the wrist pin. For this purpose the bosses may be provided with the oil ducts 27. The air may be admitted to the cylinder in any suitable manner as by means of the inlet valve construction illustrated, which comprises the puppet valve 30 cooperating with the seat 31 and held in position by the spider 32 screwing into the underside of the cylinder head. The spider is provided with the central guide pin 33 on which the valve slides, the valve being normally held against its seat by the spring 34. The air is drawn in through a suitable opening 35 into which the inlet pipe (not shown) may be screwed.

In Figs. 2, 3 and 4 I have illustrated my invention as applied to a pump having annular disk valves in place of the puppet valves shown in Fig. l. According to this construction, the cylinder l is provided with a hollow head 40, the inlet pipe bein connected into an opening 41 in the attcr, which communicates with an annular cham ber 4Q. The latter communicates with a smaller annular chamber 455 into which open the inlet ports 44. The latter are closed during the upstroke oi the piston by the an nular disk valve 45 which may be normally held upon itsl seat by the springs 46. Upon the suction or down-strolm of the piston air will enter through the inlet opening 41, chambers 42 and 43 and ports 44, lifting the valve 45 and passing through the chamber 47 and ports 48 into the upper end of the cylinder. The air is discharged from the cylinder during the upward movement of the piston, through the ports 50 in the piston under the annular disk exhaust valve 5l and through the central opening 52 into the interior of the piston and crank case. Springs may be provided if desired for holding the valve 5l upon its seat. A de Hector 54 is preferably provided for distrilinting the oil-laden air entering the piston, over the wrist pin bearings and pre venting splashing of oil up through the opening 52. The deflector is shown as secured by the three studs 55. The operation of this form of my invention in returning the oil to the crank case, preventin the waste of oil and muiiiing the exhaust 1s the same as in the case of the form illustrated in teferring now to Figs. 5 and 6 I have illustrated in these figures a construction for accomplishing the purposes set forth above, but in which the exhaust, instead of taking place through the piston, takes place through a valve in the cylinder head, which eonnnunicates with a duct leading into the crank case. As shown in this figure the cylinder head 60 is provided With an inlet valve construction similar to that shown in Fig. l, and With. an outlet valve construction comprising the puppet valve 61 sliding in a socket member 62 and held against its seat by a spring 63. The exhaust takes place into a port 64 in the head which communicates with a duct 65 formed in the cylinder Wall and which leads into the crank case as indicated at 66. Thus the exhaust takes place through the crank case as already described, is noiseless and any oil carried by the air is deposited in the crank case Where it will be used for lubrication.

From the foregoing it will be seen that my invention provides for the muflling of the exhaust from the pump in a very simple manne It also provides for the conservation of the lubricating oil used. This results in great economy of operation and also makes possible the most efficient lubrication of the pump. The latter result is in many fases best obtained only by utilizing an excess of oil, and with my invention such excess may be freely employed as any oil carried off in the exhaust is returned to the crank case and so may be used over and over again, and is not Wasted. With pumps of this class as formerly constructed it was necessar to carefully avoid. the use of an excess oiY oil as such excess merely Wasted, and moreover it was not practicable to maintain an excess of oil in the crank case as the oil would be rapidly carried off in the exhaust and dissipated. Owing to the loss of the oil in this manner, and also to the fact that in endeavoring to avoid putting in too much oil, the operator often puts in too little, insuiiicient lubrication was frequent.

Having thus described certain preferred embodiments of my invention, but Without desiring to limit myself to the particular constructions illustrated and described, as my invention may be embodied in many other constructions, l claim l. In an air pump, the combination of a cylinder, piston, connecting rod crank and a crank case in which said crank operates, said crank case being closed at the bottom to provide a lubricant reservoir, the exhaust from said cylinder taking place into said crank case.

2. In an air pump, the combination of a cylinder, piston, connecting rod, crank and a crank case in Which said crank operates, said crank case being closed at the bottom to provide a lubricant reservoir, said piston having an exhaust port therein for discharging air from the cylinder into said crank case.

3. In an air pump of the vertical type, the combination of a crank case, a shaft journaled therein having a crank thereon, the lower portion of the crank case constituting an oil reservoir for lubrication of the pump mechanism by the splash system, a cylinder mounted on said crank case, a piston in said cylinder operably connected with said crank, a valved inlet port in said cylinder and a valvcd discharge port for discharging the air compressed in said cylinder into the crank case.

4. In an air pump of the vertical type, the combination of a crank case, a shaft journaled therein having a crank thereon, the lower portion of the crank case constituting an oil reservoir for lubrication of the pump mechanism by the splash system, a cylinder mounted on said crank case, a piston in said cylinder operably connected with said crank, a valved discharge port in said piston for discharging air `from said cylinder into said crank lase and an outlet opening in said crank case above the level of the oil therein.

5. In a vacuum pump, the combination of a cylinder having a valved inlet port, a piston reciprocating in said cylinder a crank ease to which the cylinder is connected, a crank rotating in said crank case, a connection between said crank and said piston, a discharge port for discharging air from said cylinder into said crank case and an outlet opening from e upper part of said crank case into the open air, the lower part of said crank case being closed and constituting an oil reservoir.

ROBERT VVARNOCK.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. 

